HUAIBEI, CHINA – JUNE 23: A worker produces smart switches at an equipment manufacturing enterprise on June 23, 2026 in Huaibei, Anhui Province of China. (Photo by Li Xin/VCG via Getty Images)
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Profits at China’s industrial firms grew more slowly though still at a double-digit pace in May, highlighting a widening divide in an economy leaning on factory output and overseas shipments to counter soft domestic demand.
Economic growth remains fragile, hobbled by a prolonged property downturn and deep structural imbalances that continue to weigh on domestic activity.
Meanwhile, companies seeking to escape intensifying competition at home face fresh uncertainty from the protracted Iran conflict.
Profit growth at the country’s industrial firms in May was 21.1% from a year earlier, easing from 24.7% in April, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) showed on Saturday.
Profits for January-May climbed 18.8% over the corresponding period last year versus an 18.2% increase in the first four months.
“Upstream sectors and the computer industry saw sharp rises, while downstream manufacturing remained under pressure, in line with the producer price index, suggesting that price improvement was the main driver of corporate profit growth,” said Zhaopeng Xing, senior China strategist at ANZ.
Earnings trends have diverged sharply across sectors. Profits of manufacturers of computers, communication and electronic equipment soared 103.9% in January-May – accounting for 43.1% of the growth in profits of all industrial firms – buoyed by a global AI investment boom.
Profit from the non-ferrous metal ore mining and processing sector rose 93.9%.
By contrast, profits at automakers dropped 19.8% despite robust exports, while furniture makers’ profits plunged 58.4%.
Tianchen Xu, senior economist at the Economist Intelligence Unit, said the differentiation highlights the importance of a de-escalation of the Iran conflict.
“As shipping through the Strait of Hormuz resumes and international oil prices fall, we should see a gradual recovery in downstream profits.”
The U.S. military attacked Iran on Friday in response to an Iranian drone strike on a cargo ship in the Strait of Hormuz, with each country accusing the other of violating terms of a ceasefire agreed last week.
Analysts expect Chinese policymakers to step up targeted support to stabilize corporate profitability, particularly as consolidation accelerates in sectors grappling with overcapacity and cut-throat competition.
China’s central bank had instructed some commercial banks to increase their lending this month, people familiar with the matter said on Friday, the latest sign that demand for credit remains weak as the economy grapples with sluggish domestic consumption.
China’s factory-gate inflation accelerated to nearly a four-year high in May, with cost pressures squeezing corporate profit.
Industrial profit figures cover firms with annual revenues of at least 20 million yuan ($2.95 million) from their main operations.
